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THE HAMSA HAND

6/24/2018

3 Comments

 
Picture
Hamsa Hand - 2013, Ink on paper
THE HAMSA HAND
The Hamsa hand is a symbol shaped as a hand palm with a five-fingered shape.
It is known both in Arabic and Hebrew as a hamsa which in Arabic literally means ‘five’, and is also often spelled  khamsa and chamsa.

​In English the hamsa hand is often referred to as ‘the hand of God’ and sometimes ‘the healing hand’. The hamsa hand is a thought to be a popular symbol and can be found throughout the Middle East and northern Africa, in particular among the Islamic and Jewish faiths. Among Levantine Christians it is called 'the hand of Mary', for the Virgin Mary. 

​As a Muslim symbol the hamsa hand is known as ‘the hand of Fatima’ referring to Fatima the daughter of Muhammad. In Islamic culture it is thought to be a symbolic representation of the five pillars of Islam. As a Jewish symbol the hamsa is related to as ‘the hand of Miriam’.
​

The hamsa hand is however a universal protective symbol thought to provide its owner happiness, luck, good health, and good fortune. The hamsa also offers guards from harm caused by the evil eye. 
Below are two examples of my unique Hamsa Hand artwork that i create in ink.
Check out my Hamsa art on my website & find beautiful art prints in my shop! 
Picture
Picture
ORIGINS OF THE HAMSA HAND
As with most ancient symbols it can very be hard to trace the exact date and origins of the hamsa hand. Different scholars believe that the the symbol is of Pagan origin, later adopted by various religions.

​Possibly the hamsa hand symbol originates from Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq and parts of modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey), ancient Egypt or Carthage (modern day Tunisia), where a Punic and Phoenician goddess Tanit was worshipped.
Some turn to Egypt to trace the Hamsa hand source, referring to the Hand of the All-Goddess, Isis whilst in Greece, the symbolism was seen in connection to  Aphrodite.

Yet another historic pre-curser or link to the hamsa hand is an amulet which was known to ancient Egyptians as the 'Two Fingers'. The 'Two Fingers' amulet was worn as a protective talisman by both the living and the deceased. It represents the medius and index fingers.
Picture
Two Fingers amulet, Egyptian, 664–332 B.C.
The ancient Egyptians believed the fingers were an emblem of strength and power.

The amulet originates from the ancient Egyptian myth, in which Horus (Sky god / important Egyptian deity) extended two fingers to assist his father Osiris in mounting the ladder suspended between this world and the next, and helping his father ascend to the sky.


Picture
Buddha, mudrā
There are also many other symbols of protection that are centered around the hand.
For example in the Buddha’s gestures known as mudrā. Mudras consist of hand gestures and finger-postures for teaching and protection.
For Hindus and Buddhists, the hamsa or hand symbolizes chakras (energy flow in the body), and the five senses and the mudras that effect them. Each finger is thought to connect to an element and chakra.

THE SHAPE OF THE HAMSA HAND SYMBOL
The Hamsa can appear in different shapes, sometimes the palm is pointing upwards and at other time downwards, which invite many different interpretations. Some hamsas can be found with two symmetrical thumbs as well as asymmetrical. 
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Hand pendant with salamander motif, Khamsa 19th or 20th Century, Morocco. Silver, bronze
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Hamsa door knocker, Marrakech, Morocco

​Either form may be displayed with the fingers pointing up or down. The centre of the palm is very often decorated with other symbols, especially the eye, yet various cultures may decorate the hand with symbols and images that are relevant to them.

THE HAMSA HAND IN THE JEWISH WORLD
People have mostly associated the hamsa hand with Islam. Its way into Jewish culture, and its popularity in Jewish Sephardic and Mizrahi communities, can also be traced through its use in Islam. 
Over time, the hamsa hand has undergone a kind of ‘Judaization’ which has led to the acceptance and legitimization of the hamsa hand symbol in the entire Jewish world. It is also considered a very popular and treasured object in the modern State of Israel where it is increasingly embraced by the secular Israeli population as well.
 
According to some scholars this process could happen because Jews in both Christian Europe and Islamic countries take on the folkloric elements of their host cultures. Among Jews living in other Islamic countries, including Iran, Afghanistan, Bukhara, Iraq, and Kurdistan the hamsa hand was very popular and often used at home as well as in the synagogues (Sabar, 2002).
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SilverTorah finials shaped as hamsas. Iran, c. 1920.
The hamsa hand therefore decorated many sacred objects in the synagogue, for example on silver Torah finials as depicted in the photo, as well as Torah pointers and Torah ark curtains.

This practice created a strong bond between the hamsa hand and Jewish religious practices. 
For Jewish believers, the shape of the open hand also drew connections to the hands of priests (kohanim) who impart their blessing worshippers attending the ceremonies. Among the Jews of Europe they continued to use the stretched out hand as a characteristic sign of the priesthood.
The hand in some circumstances thus played a dual role;  for example, on a Torah ark curtain from Istanbul a pair of blessing hands appear representing the priestly blessings.
Picture
Home amulet, Jerusalem, early twentieth century. Painted on glass, possibly by Moshe Shah Mizrachi. (Einhorn Collection, Tel Aviv)
Yet sometimes the magical properties were expressed more dominantly.

​This could for example be seen on a late 19th century protection tablet in an old Sephardic community in Jerusalem.

​The tablet was hung on the wall as an amulet for protection, and on it above the fingers is written ‘safe-guard against the evil eye´, which points to the role of its more magical properties. The tablet is most likely based on the popular Islamic type depicted below, although the Jewish version is embedded with traditional Jewish ideas.
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Islamic home amulet, Morocco, twentieth century. (Shalom Sabar Collection)
THE NUMBER FIVE AND 'HEH' (H/ ה‬)
​The Hamsa which means 'five' has further meaning. The 'heh' is the fifth letter in the Hebrew aleph-beit and it therefore has the numerical value of five.
The 'Heh' is also a monogrammaton which is a single letter name of God.

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The Hebrew letter 'Heh'
The power and protective elements of the number five has been linked in various ways, for example that it was on the 5th day of Creation that the biblical blessings for the fish were spoken. The fish are in themselves symbols of success and fertility (Sabar, 2002)
THE HAMSA HAND'S REVIVAL
The Hamsa hand is today a fashionable and popular symbol that is increasingly embraced by Western cultures as well. It can be seen in fashion as well on objects and unique artwork which find its way into people's homes. 
There can be many reasons for this openness and usage for the ancient symbol in the Western cultures, beyond the aesthetic and fashionable aspect.

Perhaps with the rise of social media where we expose our lives to a higher degree and reveal our successes and good fortune, there is also a higher need to seek out protective defense mechanisms, such as from ancient symbols as the Hamsa hand.

Picture
May-Bell Bareket, Artist, Hamsa Hand Exhibition 2013 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Ink on paper, A4

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​READ MORE ABOUT SYMBOLS USED IN THE HAMSA HAND

Explore the different symbols i use in my Hamsa Hand artwork such as the dove, the eye, the eagle, the double-headed eagle, the tree of life, the fish and the pomegranate fruit ! 

You can also shop unique HAMSA HAND ART PRINTS in my Etsy store online and explore the Hamsa Hand art on my website !
Picture
Hamsa Hand art work, available as Hamsa hand art print on Etsy. May-Bell Bareket, A4


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Sabar, S. (2002). From Sacred Symbol to Key Ring: The Khamsa in Jewish and Israeli Societies
3 Comments
Aeesha link
5/30/2019 12:03:30 am

Thank u, this knowledge is very helpful and inspiring

Reply
May-Bell link
5/30/2019 12:37:28 am

Hi Aeesha, thank you for reading and for your kind comment :) I'm glad it was helpful to you!
Kindly
May-Bell :)

Reply
Norwalk Irrigation link
8/7/2022 12:32:08 pm

Appreciate tthis blog post

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    MAY-BELL
    ​BAREKET 

    I create unique Hamsa Hand artworks in ink & mixed media.

    My website showcases my own artwork and my blog is about anything i find interesting and relating to the themes in my art.

    Visit my online portfolio on
    www.maybellbareket.com for more information and photos.

    Selected prints of my artworks as well as original works are available in my online shop !


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